Les troubles chez les tout-petits exposés aux écrans

14/01/20 : "L’exposition aux écrans chez les jeunes enfants est-elle à l’origine de l’apparition de troubles primaires du langage ? Une étude cas-témoins en Ille-et-Vilaine" par Manon Collet, Bertrand Gagnière, Chloé Rousseau, Anthony Chapron, Laure Fiquet, Chystèle Certain.

Résumé
Contexte –
Les enfants sont exposés précocement aux écrans, alors que cet usage peut influencer leur développement psychomoteur.
Objectif –
Évaluer le lien entre l’exposition des enfants aux écrans, tels que la télévision, l’ordinateur, la console de jeux, la tablette ou le smartphone, et les troubles primaires du langage.
Méthode –
Notre étude multicentrique cas-témoins a concerné 167 enfants âgés de 3,5 à 6,5 ans, nés entre 2010 et 2012 et diagnostiqués avec des troubles primaires du langage, et 109 témoins ne présentant pas de trouble du langage. Les questionnaires ont été complétés par leurs parents, recrutés via 16 cabinets de médecine générale et 27 cabinets d’orthophonistes en Ille-et-Vilaine. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de modèles de régression logistique multivariée et présentées sous forme d’odds ratio ajustés (ORa) avec leurs intervalles de confiance à 95% (IC95%).
Résultats –
Nous avons constaté que les cas (44,3%) et les témoins (22,0%) qui étaient exposés aux écrans le matin avant l’école étaient trois fois plus à risque de développer des troubles primaires du langage (ORa=3,40, IC95% [1,60-7,23]). Et lorsque ce risque était associé au fait de discuter rarement, voire jamais, du contenu des écrans avec leurs parents (ORa=2,14 [1,01-4,54]), ils étaient six fois plus à risque de développer des troubles primaires du langage (ORa=5,86 [1,44 à 23,95]).
Conclusion –
Les enfants qui étaient exposés aux écrans le matin avant l’école et qui discutaient rarement, voire jamais, du contenu des écrans avec leurs parents multipliaient par six leur risque de développer des troubles primaires du langage.

Curieusement (ou non), Yann Leroux, s'appuyant sur cette conclusion, se réjouit donc :

Ce ne sont pas les écrans en soi qui sont des obstacles (ou des aides) au développement des enfants, mais l'écologie familiale dans laquelle ils sont pris.

Clé utilisateur/ secrète de la configuration non valide

Parce que l'introduction d'écrans dans les mains des enfants les plus jeunes ne relève pas de "l'écologie familiale" et que les écrans n'influent absolument pas sur la communication dans la famille.

23/11/20 : "Screen time and autistic-like behaviors among preschool children in China" par Jing-Yi Chen, Esben Strodl, Chuan-an Wu, Li-Hua Huang, Xiao-Na Yin, Guo-Min Wen, Deng-Li Sun, Dan-Xia Xian, Ying-Jie Chen, Gui-You Yang & Wei-Qing Chen.

ABSTRACT

Screen time is becoming increasingly common in daily life. Early and excessive screen use has raised growing concerns for children’s neuropsychological development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between exposure to screen time in early life and the presence of autistic-like behaviors among preschool children. 29,461 child-caregiver dyads at kindergartens in Longhua New District of Shenzhen, China, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Information concerning socio-demographic characteristics, frequency and duration of children’s electronic screen exposure for each year since birth, and autistic-like behaviors (measured by the Autism Behavior Checklist) were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire completed by the primary caregivers. A series of logistic regression models assessed the association between screen time and autistic-like behaviors. Results indicated that younger initial age, longer daily screen time and longer cumulative years of screen exposure since birth were associated with the presence of autistic-like behaviors at preschool age. The risk was enhanced with the increase of both daily screen time and cumulative years of screen exposure during preschool period. Moreover, the cross-over analysis indicated that the first three years following birth might be a sensitive period for children when screen exposure increases the risk of experiencing autistic-like behaviors. In conclusion, our study implied that screen exposure in early life might increase the occurrence of autistic-like behaviors among preschoolers. These findings support the need for early interventions into preschoolers’ screen use, however longitudinal studies are necessary to further confirm the causal relationship between early screen time and the incidence of later autistic-like behaviors among preschool children.

16/02/21 : "Correlation Between Screen Time and Autistic Symptoms as Well as Development Quotients in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder" par Han-Yu Dong†, Bing Wang†, Hong-Hua Li, Xiao-Jing Yue and Fei-Yong Jia*, Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Conclusion: Compared with TD (typically developing) children, children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) have a longer screen time. The screen time is related to autism-like symptoms and the DQs (development quotients) of children with ASD. The longer the screen time, the more severe the symptoms of ASD (especially sensory symptoms), and the more obvious the developmental delay, especially in ASD children with a longer screen time and younger age, particularly in the language domain.

14/10/21 : "The Association Between Screen Time Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Symptoms in Children "

Conclusion
Our study highlighted a significant association between the daily hours spent on devices and having an SCQ score above 15, which suggests a deficit in social skill development and having autism spectrum disorder-like symptoms.

11/21 : "Correlation between screen exposureand children autism spectrum disorder"

Conclusion ASD may be related to screen media exposure. Children should avoid exposure to screen media before 2 years old, or control children's exposure to music or appropriate animation media for less than 1 hour a day under the interaction of family members after 2 years old.

31/01/22 dans "JAMA" : "Association Between Screen Time Exposure in Children at 1 Year of Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder at 3 Years of Age" par Megumi Kushima, MA1; Reiji Kojima, MD, PhD2; Ryoji Shinohara, PhD1; et al.

Findings

A total of 84 030 mother-child dyads were analyzed using data derived from a large birth cohort study conducted in Japan. Among boys, but not girls, longer screen time at 1 year of age was significantly associated with autism spectrum disorder diagnosis at 3 years of age.

[...]

Conclusions and Relevance

Among boys, longer screen time at 1 year of age was significantly associated with autism spectrum disorder at 3 years of age. With the rapid increase in device usage, it is necessary to review the health effects of screen time on infants and to control excessive screen time.

Dans "Le Monde" (abonnés) du 12/10/22 : "Les tout-petits qui bougent sont plus performants"


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Dans le Journal of psychiatric research de mai 2023 : "Association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems among children in the United States: evidence from 2018 to 2020 NSCH"

Abstract

Excessive digital media use has become the common phenomenon among children's lifestyle, and its influences on the plausible accompanying psychological and behavioral problems are gradually investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems of children in the United States (US). A secondary analysis based on the data from the 2018 to 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) was conducted. Seven types of developmental and behavioral problems and screen time on weekdays of children were collected through parents/caregivers' recall. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the associations. Overall, 101,350 children aged between 0 and 17 years old were included in this study and 70.3% of preschoolers aged 0–5 years old and 80.2% of children and adolescents aged 6–17 years old had excessive screen time. Excessive screen time was positively associated with behavioral and conduct problem, developmental delay, speech disorder , learning disability , autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and there were significant dose-response relationships. The association between excessive screen time and developmental and behavioral problems was stronger among preschoolers than among children and adolescents. Boys with excessive screen time showed high odds of most types of developmental and behavioral problems. It can be concluded that children with excessive screen time are at high odds of developmental and behavioral problems, especially for preschoolers and boys. Early intervention of digital media use is urgent and essential for children in the US.

Dans "Le Monde" du 14/09/23 : "L’impact des écrans sur le développement de l’enfant dépend de l’environnement familial et du mode de vie, selon une étude"


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Étonnante Séverine Erhel ("Queen des #IHM #Gaming #Flow #UX") qui déplore :"Il serait judicieux qu'on arrête de donner des tribunes à des personnes qui  ne sont pas chercheurs sur cette question mais à des personnes sérieuses".

"Très clairement, AUCUN chercheur sérieux ne recomande 4H ou JSP" : on se demande ce que vient faire ici cette affirmation inutile, en effet, sauf à construire un argumentaire imaginaire facile à réfuter. En revanche, on peut se souvenir que Séverine Erhel a longtemps insisté sur le fait que la durée d'exposition était sans importance (en 2019 : "Le problème, ce n’est pas les écrans, ni le temps écrans" )

Pour le reste, Séverine Erhel renvoie donc à un simple fil Twitter qui conteste le bien-fondé... d'une étude scientifique publiée dans une revue scientifique (que nous avions référencée plus haut). Voilà qui est très "sérieux" en effet.

09/2023 sur "Science Direct" : "The association between screen time and genetic risks for neurodevelopmental disorders in children" par Nagahide Takahashi et alii.

Highlights
Longer screen time in infancy has been proposed as a risk for neurodevelopmental disorders .
Using ongoing longitudinal cohort data, the genetic risk of ASD is associated with the length of screen time.
Prolonged screen time may not be a cause of ASD, but may be an early sign of the developing disorder.

Abstract
Whether longer screen time in infancy increases risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD has long been debated, but no causal relationship between the two remains has been established. Using ongoing longitudinal cohort data, we found that in children 24 to 40 months of age, the genetic risk of ASD was associated with longer screen time and that of ADHD with an increase in screen time over time. These data suggest that prolonged screen time may not be a cause of the genetic risk for NDD, but an early sign of NDDs.

Franck Ramus le 7/11/2023 : ramus-meninges.fr/2023/11/07/les-ecrans-...ositions-genetiques/

Depuis 2017, le Dr Anne-Lise Ducanda propage un discours catastrophiste sur l’exposition des enfants aux écrans, arguant du fait qu’une telle exposition pourrait rendre des enfants autistes.

Alors pas du tout...